The ID is a unique fingerprint that is calculated based on the values of all non-Fusionbase specific columns.

fb_id

postal_code

region_type

region_id

region_name

reference_year

**Full name:** Share of marginally paid employees at the workplace in private employment relationships in % **Algorithm:** Marginally paid employees AO <time> / (marginally paid employees AO + SV employees AO) <time> * 100 **Note:** A marginally paid employment exists on the one hand if the remuneration from this employment regularly does not exceed 450 euros per month. The employee is exempt from social security up to this limit according to § 8 I No.1 SGB IV. Until the end of March 2003, the upper limit of remuneration was 325 euros, until the end of 2012 it was 400 euros. There has been no restriction on the average weekly working hours since 2003. When combining a social security liable main employment with a Minijob, it remains exempt from social security. However, multiple marginally paid employments are added together. An employment that is carried out for vocational training is not a marginally paid employment, even if earnings are below 450 euros. Private law employment relationships include both marginally employed and social security liable employees.

minijobs_pct_total

**Full name:** Share of marginally paid female employees in marginally paid employees at the workplace in % **Algorithm:** Marginally paid employees AO - women <time> / marginally paid employees AO <time> * 100 **Note:** Extent of employment of women in Minijobs (exclusively or as a secondary income) relative to all marginally paid employees. A marginally paid employment (so-called Minijob) exists if the remuneration from this employment regularly does not exceed 450 euros per month. The employee is exempt from social security up to this limit according to § 8 I No.1 SGB IV. Until the end of March 2003, the upper limit of remuneration was 325 euros, until the end of 2012 it was 400 euros. There has been no restriction on the average weekly working hours since 2003. When combining a social security liable main employment with a Minijob, it remains exempt from social security. However, multiple marginally paid employments are added together. An employment that is carried out for vocational training is not a marginally paid employment, even if earnings are below 450 euros.

minijobs_pct_women

**Full name:** Share of marginally paid male employees in marginally paid employees in % **Algorithm:** Marginally paid employees - men <time> / marginally paid employees <time> * 100 **Note:** Extent of employment of men in Minijobs (exclusively or as a secondary income) relative to all marginally paid employees. A marginally paid employment (so-called Minijob) exists if the remuneration from this employment regularly does not exceed 450 euros per month. The employee is exempt from social security up to this limit according to § 8 I No.1 SGB IV. Until the end of March 2003, the upper limit of remuneration was 325 euros, until the end of 2012 it was 400 euros. There has been no restriction on the average weekly working hours since 2003. When combining a social security liable main employment with a Minijob, it remains exempt from social security. However, multiple marginally paid employments are added together. An employment that is carried out for vocational training is not a marginally paid employment, even if earnings are below 450 euros.

minijobs_pct_men

**Full name:** Share of marginally paid employees at the workplace (exclusively) in marginally paid employees in % **Algorithm:** Marginally paid employees AO (exclusively) <time> / marginally paid employees AO <time> * 100 **Note:** Extent of exclusive employment in Minijobs relative to all marginally paid employees. A marginally paid employment (so-called Minijob) exists if the remuneration from this employment regularly does not exceed 450 euros per month. The employee is exempt from social security up to this limit according to § 8 I No.1 SGB IV. Until the end of March 2003, the upper limit of remuneration was 325 euros, until the end of 2012 it was 400 euros. There has been no restriction on the average weekly working hours since 2003. When combining a social security liable main employment with a Minijob, it remains exempt from social security. However, multiple marginally paid employments are added together. An employment that is carried out for vocational training is not a marginally paid employment, even if earnings are below 450 euros.

minijobs_pct_among_marginally_employed

**Full name:** Share of marginally paid employees at the workplace (exclusively) in private employment relationships in % **Algorithm:** Marginally paid employees AO (excl.) <time> / (marginally paid employees AO + SV employees AO) * 100 **Note:** A marginally paid employment (so-called Minijob) exists if the remuneration from this employment regularly does not exceed 450 euros per month. The employee is exempt from social security up to this limit according to § 8 I No.1 SGB IV. Until the end of March 2003, the upper limit of remuneration was 325 euros, until the end of 2012 it was 400 euros. There has been no restriction on the average weekly working hours since 2003. When combining a social security liable main employment with a Minijob, it remains exempt from social security. However, multiple marginally paid employments are added together. An employment that is carried out for vocational training is not a marginally paid employment, even if earnings are below 450 euros. Private law employment relationships include both marginally employed and social security liable employees.

minijobs_pct_in_employment

**Full name:** Share of marginally paid employees in secondary jobs in marginally paid employees in % **Algorithm:** Marginally paid employees in secondary job <time> / marginally paid employees <time> * 100 **Note:** Extent of employment in Minijobs as a secondary income relative to all marginally paid employees. A marginally paid employment (so-called Minijob) exists if the remuneration from this employment regularly does not exceed 450 euros per month. The employee is exempt from social security up to this limit according to § 8 I No.1 SGB IV. Until the end of March 2003, the upper limit of remuneration was 325 euros, until the end of 2012 it was 400 euros. There has been no restriction on the average weekly working hours since 2003. When combining a social security liable main employment with a Minijob, it remains exempt from social security. However, multiple marginally paid employments are added together. An employment that is carried out for vocational training is not a marginally paid employment, even if earnings are below 450 euros.

minijobs_pct_secondary_income

**Full name:** Share of marginally paid employees at the workplace in secondary jobs in private employment relationships in % **Algorithm:** Marginally paid employees AO (secondary job) <time> / (marginally paid employees AO + SV employees AO) <time> * 100 **Note:** A marginally paid employment (so-called Minijob) exists if the remuneration from this employment regularly does not exceed 450 euros per month. The employee is exempt from social security up to this limit according to § 8 I No.1 SGB IV. Until the end of March 2003, the upper limit of remuneration was 325 euros, until the end of 2012 it was 400 euros. There has been no restriction on the average weekly working hours since 2003. When combining a social security liable main employment with a Minijob, it remains exempt from social security. However, multiple marginally paid employments are added together. An employment that is carried out for vocational training is not a marginally paid employment, even if earnings are below 450 euros. Private law employment relationships include both marginally employed and social security liable employees.

minijobs_pct_secondary_income_in_employment

The ISO-8601 timestamp of when the record was added to the data stream.

fb_datetime

Each new set of records that is added to the data stream gets automatically versioned by Fusionbase.

fb_data_version

The dataset Atypical Employment describes the prevalence of marginally paid employment at the workplace and provides percentage shares for key comparative metrics. It includes the share of exclusively marginally paid employees among all private employment relationships at the workplace and the share of this group among all marginally paid employees. Additionally, the dataset depicts the gender distribution, i.e., the share of female and male marginally paid employees among all marginally paid employees at the workplace. Another focus is on secondary jobs, indicating the share of marginally paid employees in secondary jobs among all marginally paid employees and their share of private employment relationships at the workplace. All metrics are defined as relative percentages, enabling detailed analyses of the structure of atypical employment, the role of marginal employment in the local labor market, and gender-specific differences. The data is available at the municipal level and by postal code, suitable for regional comparisons, monitoring, and evidence-based location decisions.

Atypical Employment

Atypical Employment

Attributes

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